翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Newton's Crossing, California ・ Newton's Grace ・ Newton's identities ・ Newton's inequalities ・ Newton's Institute of Engineering Macherla ・ Newton's law ・ Newton's law of cooling ・ Newton's law of universal gravitation ・ Newton's laws of motion ・ Newton's metal ・ Newton's method ・ Newton's method in optimization ・ Newton's Nation ・ Newton's parakeet ・ Newton's reflector ・ Newton's rings ・ Newton's sunbird ・ Newton's theorem ・ Newton's theorem (quadrilateral) ・ Newton's theorem about ovals ・ Newton's theorem of revolving orbits ・ Newton, Alabama ・ Newton, Brecknockshire ・ Newton, Bridgend ・ Newton, Chambers & Company ・ Newton, Cheshire ・ Newton, Chester ・ Newton, Cornwall ・ Newton, Derbyshire ・ Newton, Edmonton Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Newton's rings ： ウィキペディア英語版 Newton's rings Newton's rings is a phenomenon in which an interference pattern is created by the reflection of light between two surfaces—a spherical surface and an adjacent flat surface. It is named after Isaac Newton, who first studied them in 1717. When viewed with monochromatic light, Newton's rings appear as a series of concentric, alternating bright and dark rings centered at the point of contact between the two surfaces. When viewed with white light, it forms a concentric-ring pattern of rainbow colors, because the different wavelengths of light interfere at different thicknesses of the air layer between the surfaces. The light rings are caused by constructive interference between the light rays reflected from both surfaces, while the dark rings are caused by destructive interference. Also, the outer rings are spaced more closely than the inner ones. Moving outwards from one dark ring to the next, for example, increases the path difference by the same amount, ''λ'', corresponding to the same increase of thickness of the air layer, ''λ''/2. Since the slope of the convex lens surface increases outwards, separation of the rings gets smaller for the outer rings. For surfaces that are not spherical, the fringes will not be rings but will have other shapes. The radius of the ''N''th Newton's bright ring is given by :$r\_N=\; \backslash left(-\; \backslash right)\backslash lambda\; R\backslash right)^,$ where ''N'' is the bright-ring number, ''R'' is the radius of curvature of the lens the light is passing through, and ''λ'' is the wavelength of the light passing through the glass. The phenomenon was first described by Robert Hooke in his 1664 book ''Micrographia'', although its name derives from the physicist Isaac Newton, who was the first to analyze it. The above formula is applicable only for Newton's rings obtained by reflected light. ==Theory== There is light incident on the flat plane of the convex lens that is situated on the optically flat glass surface below, the light passes through the glass lens until it comes to the glass-air boundary, and here the light goes from a higher refractive index (''n'') value to a lower ''n'' value. The light passes through this boundary and suffers no phase change. Also at this boundary, some light is transmitted into the air, and some light is reflected. The light that is transmitted to the air travels a distance, ''t'', before it is reflected at the flat surface below; the air-glass boundary causes a half-cycle phase shift because the air has a lower refractive index than the glass. The two reflected rays now travel in the same direction to be detected. The convex lens touches the flat surface below, and from this point, as one gets farther away, the distance ''t'' increases, because the lens is curving away from the surface: :$2Rt\; =\; t^2\; +\; x^2$ :$t\backslash ll\; x$ so $t^2\backslash lll\; x$ therefore: :$2t\; =$ and finally, we have: :$t\; =$ 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Newton's rings」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.